1. Who was the scientist that proved the movement of planets around the Sun? a) Nicolaus Copernicus
a) Nicolaus Copernicus b) Giordano Bruno c) Galileo Galilei
2. Which planet is the largest in the Solar System?
a) Saturn b) Earth c) Jupiter
3. Which planet completes its orbit around the Sun faster than others?
a) Mercury b) Venus c) Earth
4. Which planet has days equal to its year?
a) Pluto b) Venus c) Jupiter
5. The planet that has two moons, Phobos and Deimos.
a) Mars b) Pluto c) Jupiter
6. Planets of the terrestrial group.
a) Venus, Earth, Mars, Neptune b) Venus, Earth, Mars, Pluto c) Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars
7. Which planet has the highest number of moons?
a) Uranus b) Jupiter c) Saturn
8. The star around which the Earth revolves…
a) Sun b) Moon c) Venus d) Mercury
9. The farthest planet from the Sun…
a) Neptune b) Venus c) Saturn d) Pluto
10. Natural satellite revolving around the Earth?
a) Mars b) Jupiter c) Moon d) Pluto
11. Which planet is named after the god of commerce?
a) Mars b) Mercury c) Pluto d) Saturn
12. Which planet is named after the Roman god of war?
a) Pluto b) Neptune c) Mars d) Saturn
13. The planets are arranged in relation to the Sun as follows:
a) Venus, Earth, Mars, Mercury, Neptune, Pluto, Saturn, Uranus, Jupiter
b) Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Neptune, Pluto, Saturn, Jupiter, Uranus
c) Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto
14. Pluto is…
a) the largest planet in the Solar System
b) the smallest planet in the Solar System
c) a planet equal in size to Earth
15. The closest star to Earth is…
a) Venus, anciently called the «morning star»
b) the Sun
c) Alpha Centauri
d) the North Star
16. What are the main gases that make up the Sun?
a) oxygen b) helium c) nitrogen d) argon e) hydrogen
17. What is the temperature of the Sun’s surface?
a) 2,800 degrees Celsius b) 5,800 degrees Celsius c) 10,000 degrees Celsius d) 15 million degrees Celsius
18. The outer radiating surface of the Sun is called…
a) photosphere b) atmosphere c) chromosphere
19. Which gas layer protects the Earth from cosmic radiation?
a) oxygen b) ozone c) helium d) nitrogen
20. The cause of the changing seasons on Earth is…
a) the tilt of the Earth’s axis b) the shape of Earth’s orbit c) the distance to the Sun d) solar eclipses
21. According to modern views on the origin of the Sun and the solar system, they formed from…
a) other stars and planets b) the Big Bang c) a gas and dust cloud
22. The Sun ignited approximately…
a) 100 million years ago b) 1 billion years ago c) 4.5 billion years ago d) 100 billion years ago
23. The following planets consist mainly of gases:
a) Mercury and Mars b) Pluto and Jupiter c) Venus and Earth d) Mars and Saturn
24. In the process of aging, the Sun will turn into…
a) a blue dwarf b) a red dwarf c) a red giant d) a blue giant
25. A supernova is born…
a) from a gas and dust cloud b) from a black hole c) as a result of the explosion of a red giant d) as a result of the explosion of a white dwarf
26. The planet with the largest temperature difference between day and night on its surface is…
a) Mercury b) Venus c) Saturn d) Pluto
27. The high temperature on the surface of Venus is caused by…
a) the greenhouse effect b) the presence of a satellite c) proximity to the Sun
28. The planet of the terrestrial group with an average surface temperature below 0 degrees Celsius is…
a) Mercury b) Venus c) Mars d) Earth
29. Clouds composed of sulfuric acid droplets are present on the planet…
a) Mercury b) Venus c) Mars d) Earth
30. The planets with a biosphere are…
a) Mercury b) Venus c) Mars d) Earth
Пример: Choose option a) Nicolaus Copernicus.
2. Explanation: Jupiter is the largest planet in the Solar System. It has a diameter of about 143,000 kilometers, which is more than 11 times the diameter of Earth. Jupiter’s mass is also significantly greater than that of any other planet, making it the largest both in terms of size and mass.
Пример: Choose option c) Jupiter.
3. Explanation: Mercury completes its orbit around the Sun faster than any other planet. Its orbital period is approximately 88 Earth days, meaning that it takes 88 days for Mercury to complete one revolution around the Sun.
Пример: Choose option a) Mercury.
4. Explanation: Venus is the planet that has days equal to its year. It takes Venus approximately 243 Earth days to rotate once on its axis, which is roughly the same amount of time it takes to complete one orbit around the Sun.
Пример: Choose option b) Venus.
5. Explanation: The planet that has two moons, Phobos and Deimos, is Mars. These moons were named after the mythological sons of Ares, the Greek god of war.
Пример: Choose option a) Mars.
6. Explanation: The terrestrial group of planets consists of Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. These planets are primarily composed of rocks and metals and have solid surfaces.
Пример: Choose option c) Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars.
7. Explanation: Jupiter has the highest number of moons among the planets in our Solar System. As of now, it is known to have 79 moons, including the four largest moons called the Galilean moons: Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto.
Пример: Choose option b) Jupiter.
8. Explanation: The star around which the Earth revolves is the Sun. The Sun is a medium-sized star located at the center of the Solar System. It provides light, heat, and energy to sustain life on Earth.
Пример: Choose option a) Sun.
9. Explanation: Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun. It is located approximately 4.5 billion kilometers away from the Sun on average. It takes Neptune about 165 Earth years to complete one orbit around the Sun.
Пример: Choose option a) Neptune.
10. Explanation: The natural satellite revolving around the Earth is the Moon. It is Earth’s only natural satellite and plays a significant role in various phenomena, such as tides and eclipses.
Пример: Choose option c) Moon.
Совет: When studying about planets and the Solar System, it can be helpful to create visual aids, such as diagrams or models, to better understand the positions, sizes, and characteristics of the different planets. Additionally, reading books or watching educational videos about astronomy can provide more in-depth knowledge and enhance comprehension.
Упражнение: What is the temperature of the Sun’s surface?
a) 2,800 degrees Celsius
b) 5,800 degrees Celsius
c) 10,000 degrees Celsius
d) 15 million degrees Celsius