1. «For which political ideology is the demand that the wealthiest part of society, receiving the highest incomes
1. «For which political ideology is the demand that the wealthiest part of society, receiving the highest incomes, should spend a portion of them on social programs to support the underprivileged segments of the population, a leading and fundamental one: 1/ conservative, 2/ liberal, 3/ social-democratic, 4/ communist?»
2. «The statement ‘where politics begins, morality ends’ is characteristic of which ideology: 1/ ‘moral principles should prevail over legal ones,’ 2/ ‘where politics begins, morality ends,’ 3/ ‘politics should align state life with the idea of the state,’ 4/ ‘politics is primarily a form of interaction between classes and is determined by class interests.'»
3. «The idea of achieving social harmony through fair wealth redistribution in society is characteristic of the views of which system: 1/ conservative, 2/ pacifist, 3/ liberal, 4/ social-democratic.»
4. «The idea of building a society where the principle of distributing goods ‘from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs’ is realized is characteristic of the views of which system: 1/ conservative, 2/ pacifist, 3/ liberal, 4/ communist.»
5. «A political party’s program states: ‘the party considers ensuring the continuity of development, taking traditions and customs into account in formulating political decisions, as the main principle of its ideology.’ What ideology does the party adhere to: 1/ revolutionary, 2/ liberal, 3/ conservative, 4/ communist.»
6. «From a public perspective, political behavior is distinguished as: 1) closed, 2) pathological, 3) extremist, 4) innovative.»
7. «Conservative ideology is characterized by the recognition of: 1) the value of traditions and continuity, 2) class struggle as a driving force, 3) state ownership as the foundation, 4) the value of individual freedom.»
8. «Are the following statements about liberal political ideology correct? a. Liberal political ideology emphasizes equality before the law and the courts as its main value. b. Liberal political ideology emphasizes mandatory support for the wealthy of the less affluent social strata: 1/ only a is correct, 2/ only b is correct, 3/ both statements are correct, 4/ both statements are incorrect.»
9. «Among the following social groups, all except one are formed based on a political-ideological criterion. Communists, social democrats, liberals, Catholics, conservatives. Find and write down the term from this list.»
10. «Read the text below, in which several words are missing. ‘Liberalism …(1) originated in Western Europe at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries. The main value of liberalism is the freedom and independence of individuals in the political sphere. The state should not interfere in life, providing ample space for free …(2), entrepreneurial initiative. Liberals recognize equality …(3) in legal and political matters, natural rights and personal freedoms, breaking down social barriers. The natural, inherent …(4) of a person — life, freedom, property — are guaranteed by …(5). The freedom of the individual is guaranteed by the law and, above all, by personal independence from society. The liberal doctrine implies equal opportunities, equality in the courts, but not equality in …(6), it does not exist and should not exist. All, rich and poor, must pay equal taxes. The electoral system in the liberal interpretation allows for the presence of …(6) — for example, property or educational.’ Choose from the list of words provided below the words that need to be inserted into the gaps. The words in the list are given in the nominative case, singular. Keep in mind that there are more words in the list than you need to choose. Select one word after another in sequence, mentally filling each gap with words. In the table below, indicate the letter corresponding to the word you have chosen under each number. The resulting sequence of letters should be transferred to the answer form without spaces and punctuation marks.»
11. «During a discussion about the role of the state in society, citizen T expressed himself as follows: ‘The state should rely on the wise traditions of our ancestors, support the foundations of the patriarchal family, and strengthen the positions of religion and the church in society.’ Which ideology can be attributed to citizen T? 1) communist, 2) social-democratic, 3) liberal, 4) conservative.»
2. «The statement ‘where politics begins, morality ends’ is characteristic of which ideology: 1/ ‘moral principles should prevail over legal ones,’ 2/ ‘where politics begins, morality ends,’ 3/ ‘politics should align state life with the idea of the state,’ 4/ ‘politics is primarily a form of interaction between classes and is determined by class interests.'»
3. «The idea of achieving social harmony through fair wealth redistribution in society is characteristic of the views of which system: 1/ conservative, 2/ pacifist, 3/ liberal, 4/ social-democratic.»
4. «The idea of building a society where the principle of distributing goods ‘from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs’ is realized is characteristic of the views of which system: 1/ conservative, 2/ pacifist, 3/ liberal, 4/ communist.»
5. «A political party’s program states: ‘the party considers ensuring the continuity of development, taking traditions and customs into account in formulating political decisions, as the main principle of its ideology.’ What ideology does the party adhere to: 1/ revolutionary, 2/ liberal, 3/ conservative, 4/ communist.»
6. «From a public perspective, political behavior is distinguished as: 1) closed, 2) pathological, 3) extremist, 4) innovative.»
7. «Conservative ideology is characterized by the recognition of: 1) the value of traditions and continuity, 2) class struggle as a driving force, 3) state ownership as the foundation, 4) the value of individual freedom.»
8. «Are the following statements about liberal political ideology correct? a. Liberal political ideology emphasizes equality before the law and the courts as its main value. b. Liberal political ideology emphasizes mandatory support for the wealthy of the less affluent social strata: 1/ only a is correct, 2/ only b is correct, 3/ both statements are correct, 4/ both statements are incorrect.»
9. «Among the following social groups, all except one are formed based on a political-ideological criterion. Communists, social democrats, liberals, Catholics, conservatives. Find and write down the term from this list.»
10. «Read the text below, in which several words are missing. ‘Liberalism …(1) originated in Western Europe at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries. The main value of liberalism is the freedom and independence of individuals in the political sphere. The state should not interfere in life, providing ample space for free …(2), entrepreneurial initiative. Liberals recognize equality …(3) in legal and political matters, natural rights and personal freedoms, breaking down social barriers. The natural, inherent …(4) of a person — life, freedom, property — are guaranteed by …(5). The freedom of the individual is guaranteed by the law and, above all, by personal independence from society. The liberal doctrine implies equal opportunities, equality in the courts, but not equality in …(6), it does not exist and should not exist. All, rich and poor, must pay equal taxes. The electoral system in the liberal interpretation allows for the presence of …(6) — for example, property or educational.’ Choose from the list of words provided below the words that need to be inserted into the gaps. The words in the list are given in the nominative case, singular. Keep in mind that there are more words in the list than you need to choose. Select one word after another in sequence, mentally filling each gap with words. In the table below, indicate the letter corresponding to the word you have chosen under each number. The resulting sequence of letters should be transferred to the answer form without spaces and punctuation marks.»
11. «During a discussion about the role of the state in society, citizen T expressed himself as follows: ‘The state should rely on the wise traditions of our ancestors, support the foundations of the patriarchal family, and strengthen the positions of religion and the church in society.’ Which ideology can be attributed to citizen T? 1) communist, 2) social-democratic, 3) liberal, 4) conservative.»
Политическая идеология, в которой требуется, чтобы самая состоятельная часть общества, получающая самые высокие доходы, направляла их на социальные программы, поддерживающие малообеспеченные слои населения, является основной и фундаментальной: 1/ консерватизм, 2/ либерализм, 3/ социал-демократия, 4/ коммунизм?»
Инструкция: В данном случае, политическая идеология, которая подразумевает под собой требование перераспределения доходов от богатых слоев общества на программы социальной поддержки для малообеспеченных слоев населения, является социал-демократией. Социал-демократия ставит в центр своей программы социальную справедливость, равенство прав и возможностей для всех граждан. Она признает необходимость государственного регулирования экономики, налогообложения богатых, а также создания социальных программ помощи малообеспеченным группам населения.
Пример использования: Какая политическая идеология поставляет в центр своей программы необходимость перераспределения доходов на социальные программы для малообеспеченных слоев населения?
Совет: Для более легкого понимания политических идеологий, рекомендуется изучить основные принципы каждой из них. Сравните их цели и идеи для лучшего понимания культурно-исторического контекста и принципов каждой идеологии.
Упражнение: Укажите политическую идеологию, которая обычно ассоциируется с принципом «каждому по его потребностям, каждому по его способностям».